נתונות המחלקות האלה: [A, B, D, Driver]. בכל אחד מהסעיפים הבאים (*****) תוחלף לקטע קוד רלוונטי.
נתונות המחלקות האלה: [A, B, D, Driver]. בכל אחד מהסעיפים הבאים (*****) תוחלף לקטע קוד רלוונטי.
language_variants: codeBlock:
public abstract class A
{
protected int x;
public A() {
this.x = 1;
}
public abstract int f(int v);
public void f(A a) {
x = a.x;
}
public String toString(){
return "x =" + this.x;
}
} //end of class A
public class B extends A {
public B() {
super();
}
public B(int val) {
this.x = f(val);
}
public int f(int val) {
return this.x + val;
}
public void f(B b) {
this.x = this.x * b.x;
}
public String toString(){
return "B: " +
super.toString();
}
} //end of class B
public class D extends B {
public D(int val) {
this.x = val - this.x;
}
public void f(A a) {
this.x = this.x + a.x + 1;
}
public void f(B b) {
this.x = this.x * b.x;
}
public void f(D d) {
this.x = d.x - 1;
}
public String toString(){
return "D: " +
super.toString();
}
} //end of class D
public class Driver
{
public static void main
(String [] args){
A a;
B b;
int m;
// ************
}
}
fieldAccessDelta: class A's field x is public in C# but protected in Java — cross-language authoring inconsistency, does not change traced output for the shown code, but is a genuine delta beyond the pilot's known taxonomy. See dualVariantFinding.newObservationsThisPaper.
semanticDeltaNote: SEMANTIC TRAP CHECKED, CONFIRMED CORRECT: every C# override in B/D is properly paired with a
virtualancestor declaration — A.F(A a) virtual → D.F(A a) override (dispatches correctly through an Employee/A-typed reference); B.F(B b) virtual (new virtual, not overriding anything in A) → D.F(B b) override; A.F(int v) abstract → B.F(int val) override (implements abstract); D.F(D d) is a plain new overload (no ancestor virtual F(D), correctly has no override keyword). Java's implicit overriding on matching signatures reproduces the identical dispatch outcome — no virtual/override mismatch found in this question.
מהו הפלט של קטע הקוד שלפניכם:
codeSnippet:
m = 11;
a = new B(m);
System.out.println(a);
a = new D(m);
System.out.println(a);
codeSnippet:
b = new B(3);
m = b.f(4);
System.out.println(m);
m = b.f(m);
System.out.println(m);
codeSnippet:
a = new B(5);
int m = a.f(a.f(2));
System.out.println(m);
note: Java re-declares
int mhere even though Driver.main's shared template already declaresint m;at the top — a literal duplicate local-variable declaration (Java compile error as printed). C# reuses the existingmwithout re-declaring. See dualVariantFinding.newObservationsThisPaper.
codeSnippet:
a = new D(10);
b = new B(20);
a.f(b);
System.out.println(a);
אחרי ביצוע קטע הקוד הבא, הערך של התכונה x של העצם d יהיה 5. מהו הערך המשתנה של m?
codeSnippet:
D d = new D(m);
b = new B();
((A)d).f(b);
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