PART I: WRITTEN RECEPTION (70 points)

(ACCESS TO INFORMATION FROM WRITTEN TEXTS)

Read the text below and then answer questions 1–8.

DRIVING WITH GPS

I Millions of people all over the world use GPS
(Global Positioning System) to find their way from
one place to another. Taxis and buses have used GPS
for several years. Today, most new cars have GPS
5 but if your car doesn't have it, you can buy it in many
stores.
II Before GPS was available, drivers needed to
prepare carefully before going to a new place. They
had to ask someone to tell them the best way to
10 get there, or use a map to plan the trip. In addition,
while they were driving, they had to pay attention to street names and landmarks, like buildings.
Today, however, when someone wants to go somewhere, they just enter the name or address of the
place into the GPS. Then, by simply following the directions, they arrive there easily.
III However, some people claim that using this technology might have a negative effect on our
15 memory. Dr. Sharon Davis of Pittsmouth University is studying the effects of GPS on the memory of
drivers who use it frequently. In her first experiment, she sent 35 drivers without GPS to a place they had
never been to before. When they returned, she asked them questions about their trip and 28 of the drivers
were able to report many details. They remembered interesting landmarks they saw along the way, such
as a popular restaurant and a beautiful park. Then Dr. Davis sent the drivers to a second new place.
20 This time they had to use GPS. When they returned, she again asked them to report details of their trip.
The result was that most of them remembered very few details from the second trip.
IV Does GPS really affect our memory? After this experiment, Dr. Davis does not know yet. "But,"
she says, "one thing is clear: drivers who use GPS pay less attention to the things around them while
they are driving so they remember much less as well." Dr. Davis is planning more studies to find out
25 if there is a connection between using GPS and the memory of drivers.

<small>[בטופס המקורי יש תמונה ליד הקטע: «GPS in a car — From Pixabay.com»]</small>

<u>QUESTIONS</u> (70 points)
Answer questions 1–8 in <u>English</u> according to the text. In questions 1, 4, 7 and 8, circle the number of the correct answer. In the other questions, follow the instructions.